VITAMINS (Vital Amines)

 Vitamins

Vitamins are a group of chemically diverse organic compounds that an organism requires for normal metabolism. Apart from a few exceptions (e.g., vitamin D), the human body cannot synthesize vitamins on its own in sufficient amounts and must, therefore, ensure a steady supply through the diet. Vitamins are micronutrients that do not provide energy (like macronutrients) but instead have very specific biochemical roles: They are coenzymes in various reactions (B vitamins, vitamins A and K) and antioxidants that protect the cell and its membranes from free radicals (vitamins C and E), enable cell signaling (vitamin A) and gene transcription (vitamins A and E), and serve hormone-like functions (e.g., vitamin D). Vitamins are classified as fat-soluble vitamins, which the body can store, and water-soluble vitamins, which, with the exception of vitamins B9 (folate) and B12, cannot be stored in the body over significant lengths of time and therefore require continuous intake. A balanced diet typically supplies the body with all the vitamins it requires, and deficiencies occur mainly due to malnutrition, malabsorption disorders, or restrictive diets (e.g., vitamin B12 in a vegan diet).
Overview of vitamins
• Classification: according to solubility
• Fat-soluble vitamins: vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K
• Water-soluble vitamins: vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9(folate), vitamin B12, vitamin C
• Sources
• Diet
• Produced in the body: Vitamin D is the only vitamin that the human body is capable of synthesizing in significant amounts.
• Intestinal flora: Vitamins K, B7, B9, and B12 are synthesized in small amounts by human intestinal flora (although vitamin B12 is produced in the large intestine, it is absorbed in the ilium. Therefore, consumption of vitamin B12 rich products is necessary)
• Recommended daily intake (RDI): While there are standard recommendations, the amounts required are highly dependent on individual factors.
• Functions
• Coenzymes (e.g., B vitamins, vitamins A and K)
• Hormone (vitamin D)
• Antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E)
• Cell signaling (e.g., vitamin A)
• Gene transcription (e.g., vitamins A and E)
• Deficiency
• Malnutrition, restricted diet (e.g., lactose-free or vegan diet)
• Malabsorption disorders
• Genetic disorders
• Excess
• Oversupplementation
• Almost exclusively from fat-soluble vitamins, which accumulate in the body.


To view flow chart for both vitamins like Fat soluble and Water soluble,Please open this link

https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Aa6c13981-02e2-4c91-9292-97178272f96a